Other currencies in use Bulgarian lev Czech koruna Danish krone Hungarian forint Polish złoty Romanian leu Swedish kronaERM IIEnlargement of the eurozoneNon Euro countries relationship to EuroBulgariaCzechiaDenmarkHungaryPolandSwedenRomania Eurozone since 2015Schengen Area Austria Belgium Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain SwedenNon-EU members Iceland Liechtenstein Norway SwitzerlandPrüm ConventionSchengen Information SystemVisa Information SystemVisa policy of the Schengen AreaNon-Schengen area EU member states Bulgaria Cyprus Ireland (Opt-out) RomaniaSchengen Area from January 2023European Economic AreaEEA members Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia (provisional member) Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain SwedenNon-EU members Iceland Liechtenstein NorwayTopicsEEA Joint CommitteeEEA National Identity cardsMicrostates and the European UnionEuropean Economic AreaElections1979, 1984, 1989, 19941999, 2004, 2009, 20142019 (last election)European political partiesConstituenciesElections in EU member states Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain SwedenReferendums relating to the EULawAcquisPrimacy (ECJ Case 6/64)SubsidiarityRegulationDirectiveDecisionRecommendationFundamental RightsPolicies and issuesBudgetCustoms UnionFree Trade AgreementsEuropean Single MarketArea of FS&JPoliciesAgriculturalEnergyFisheriesRegionalCitizenshipPassports of the European UnionIdentityPro-EuropeanismEuroscepticismEuropean banking unionSingle Supervisory MechanismSingle Resolution MechanismCapital Markets UnionEuropean System of Financial SupervisionIntegrationSupranationalismUnited States of EuropeMulti-speed EuropeEnhanced co-opForeign relationsHigh RepresentativeJosep BorrellExt. Action ServiceForeign PolicyDefence PolicyForeign relations of EU member states Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Argentina–European Union relationsArmenia–European Union relationsAustralia–European Union relationsBrazil–European Union relationsChina–European Union relationsEuropean Union–NATO relationsIceland–European Union relationsNorway–European Union relationsRussia–European Union relationsSwitzerland–European Union relationsTurkey–European Union relationsUkraine–European Union relationsUnited Kingdom–European Union relations (History)Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European UnionBrexitUnited States–European Union relationsCommon Travel Area (Ireland)Microstates and the European UnionEuropean Union and the United NationsEuropean Union Association AgreementG7G20Defunct bodiesEuropean Communities (1958–1993)European Coal and Steel CommunityEuropean Economic CommunityEuropean CommunityWestern European UnionConvention on the Future of Europe European Union portal Other countriesvtePart of a series on theHistory of theEuropean UnionTimelinePre-1948 ideas1948–19571958–19721973–19931993–20042004–presentOrganisation European Communities (1958–2009) European Coal and Steel Community (1952–2002) European Economic Community (1958–1993) European Atomic Energy Community (1958–present) European Community (1993–2009) Justice and Home Affairs (1993–2003) Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters (2003–2009) Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar (1993–2009) Western European Union (1954–2011) Western Union (1948–1954)Treaties Treaty of Paris 1951 Treaty of Rome 1957 Merger Treaty 1965 Single European Act 1986 Maastricht Treaty 1992 Treaty of Amsterdam 1997 Treaty of Nice 2001 Treaty of Lisbon 2007Commissions Hallstein Commission 1958 Rey Commission 1967 Malfatti Commission 1970 Mansholt Commission 1972 Ortoli Commission 1973 Jenkins Commission 1977 Thorn Commission 1981 Delors Commission 1985 Santer Commission 1994 Prodi Commission 1999 Barroso Commission 2004 Juncker Commission 2014 Von der Leyen Commission 2019TopicsHistory of EuropeHistory of the euroHistory of defence integrationHistory of enlargementList of presidentsList of founders European Union portalvteThe Schuman Declaration, or Schuman Plan, was a proposal to place French and West German production of coal and steel under a single authority that later became the European Coal and Steel Community, made by the French foreign minister, Robert Schuman, on 9 May 1950 (now celebrated in the EU as Europe Day), the day after the fifth anniversary of the end of World War II. The alliance would later be opened to other European countries. The ultimate goal was to pacify relations, especially between France and West Germany, through gradual political integration to be achieved by creating common interests. Schuman said that "[t]he coming together of the countries of Europe requires the elimination of the age-old opposition of France and Germany ... the solidarity in production thus established will make it plain that any war between France and Germany becomes not merely unthinkable, but materially impossible."
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