"A hoop crown (German: Bügelkrone or Spangenkrone, Latin: faislum), arched crown, or closed crown, is a crown consisting of a "band around the temples and one or two bands over the head". First used by the Carolingian dynasty, hoop crowns became increasingly popular among royal dynasties in the Late Middle Ages, and the dominant type of crown in the Modern Era." - (en.wikipedia.org 26.07.2021)
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