"A doge (/ˈdoʊdʒ/; Italian: [ˈdɔːdʒe]; plural dogi or doges) was an elected lord and chief of state in several Italian city-states, notably Venice and Genoa, during the ...
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medieval and renaissance periods. Such states are referred to as "crowned republics"." - (en.wikipedia.org 30.09.2020)