Neanderthals (/niˈændərˌtɑːl, neɪ-, -ˌθɑːl/; Homo neanderthalensis or H. sapiens neanderthalensis), also written as Neandertals, are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in ...
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Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago.[10][11] The reasons for Neanderthal extinction are disputed.[12][13] Theories for their extinction include demographic factors such as small population size and inbreeding, competitive replacement,[14] interbreeding and assimilation with modern humans,[15] climate change,[16][17][18] disease,[19][20] or a combination of these factors.[18]