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and politician who ruled as dictator of Chile from 1973 to 1990, first as the President of the Government Junta of Chile from 1973 to 1981, before being declared President of the Republic by the junta in 1974. Pinochet assumed power in Chile following a United States-backed coup d´état on 11 September 1973 that overthrew the democratically elected socialist Unidad Popular government of President Salvador Allende and ended civilian rule. The support of the United States was crucial to the coup and the consolidation of power afterward.[10][B] Pinochet had been promoted to Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army by Allende on 23 August 1973, having been its General Chief of Staff since early 1972.[11] In December 1974, the ruling military junta appointed Pinochet Supreme Head of the nation by joint decree, although without the support of one of the coup´s instigators, Air Force General Gustavo Leigh.[12] Following his rise to power, Pinochet persecuted leftists, socialists, and political critics, resulting in the executions of from 1,200 to 3,200 people,[13] the internment of as many as 80,000 people and the torture of tens of thousands.[14][15][16] According to the Chilean government, the number of executions and forced disappearances was 3,095.[17] Operation Condor was founded at the behest of the Pinochet regime in late November 1975, his 60th birthday.[18]" - (en.wikipedia.org 01.02.2020)