"The most enduring Mamluk realm was the knightly military caste in Egypt in the Middle Ages, which developed from the ranks of slave soldiers. These were mostly enslaved Turkic peoples, Egyptian Copts, Circassians, Abkhazians, and Georgians. Many Mamluks were also of Balkan origin (Albanians, Greeks, and South Slavs).[10][11] The "mamluk phenomenon", as David Ayalon dubbed the creation of the specific warrior class,[12] was of great political importance; for one thing, it endured for nearly 1,000 years, from the ninth to the nineteenth centuries." - (en.wikipedia.org 31.01.2020)
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