![](data/nds/images/46/87083-1929397a/histamenon_romanus_iv/100h_histamenon-romanus-iv-87083-557150.jpg)
"Michael VII Doukas or Dukas/Ducas (Greek: Μιχαήλ Ζ΄ Δούκας, Mikhaēl VII Doukas), nicknamed Parapinakes (Greek: Παραπινάκης, lit. "minus a quarter", with reference to the devaluation of the Byzantine currency under his rule), was Byzantine emperor from 1071 to 1078." - (en.wikipedia.org 19.10.2020)